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Dogon dogaro da kayan aikin carbon-fiber na thermoset don kera ɓangarorin ɓangarorin tsari mai ƙarfi don jirgin sama, OEMs aerospace yanzu suna karɓar wani nau'in kayan fiber-carbon kamar yadda ci gaban fasaha ya yi alƙawarin kera ta atomatik na sabbin sassan da ba thermoset ba a babban girma, rahusa, da nauyi mai nauyi.

Duk da yake thermoplastic carbon-fiber composite kayan "sun kasance a cikin dogon lokaci," kawai kwanan nan masana'antun sararin samaniya za su iya yin la'akari da yadda ake amfani da su wajen kera sassan jirgin sama, gami da kayan aikin farko, in ji Stephane Dion, injiniyan vp a Collins Aerospace's Advanced Structures unit.

Abubuwan da aka haɗa na carbon-fiber na thermoplastic na iya ba da sararin OEMs fa'idodi da yawa akan abubuwan haɗin thermoset, amma har zuwa kwanan nan masana'antun ba za su iya yin sassa daga abubuwan haɗin thermoplastic a farashi mai rahusa ba, in ji shi.

A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, OEMs sun fara duba fiye da yin sassa daga kayan thermoset yayin da yanayin masana'antar masana'antar carbon-fiber composite kimiyya ta haɓaka, da farko don amfani da fasahar resin infusion da resin transfer molding (RTM) don kera sassan jirgin sama, sannan don amfani da thermoplastic composites.

GKN Aerospace ya zuba jari mai yawa don haɓaka resin-jiko da fasahar RTM don kera manyan kayan aikin jirgin sama cikin araha kuma a farashi mai yawa.GKN yanzu yana yin tsayin mita 17, yanki guda ɗaya ta hanyar amfani da masana'antar resin jiko, a cewar Max Brown, vp na fasaha don shirin fasahar zamani na GKN Aerospace Horizon 3.

Hannun jarin masana'antu na OEMs a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata sun haɗa da kashe kuɗi da dabaru kan haɓaka haɓaka don ba da damar kera manyan sassan thermoplastic, a cewar Dion.

Babban bambanci tsakanin thermoset da kayan thermoplastic ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa kayan thermoset dole ne a adana su a cikin ajiya mai sanyi kafin a tsara su zuwa sassa, kuma da zarar an tsara su, sashin thermoset ɗin dole ne ya sha magani na sa'o'i da yawa a cikin autoclave.Hanyoyin suna buƙatar makamashi mai yawa da lokaci, don haka farashin samarwa na sassan thermoset yakan kasance mai girma.

Warkewa yana canza tsarin kwayoyin halitta na ma'aunin thermoset ba tare da juyowa ba, yana baiwa bangaren karfinsa.Koyaya, a matakin ci gaban fasaha na yanzu, warkewa kuma yana sanya kayan a cikin ɓangaren rashin dacewa don sake amfani da su a cikin ɓangaren tsarin farko.

Koyaya, kayan thermoplastic basa buƙatar ajiya mai sanyi ko yin burodi lokacin da aka sanya su cikin sassa, a cewar Dion.Ana iya buga su cikin siffa ta ƙarshe na sassauƙaƙƙiya-kowane sashi na firam ɗin fuselage a cikin Airbus A350 wani ɓangaren haɗaɗɗun thermoplastic ne—ko cikin matsakaicin mataki na ƙarin hadaddun sassa.

Ana iya haɗa kayan thermoplastic tare ta hanyoyi daban-daban, yana ba da damar hadaddun, sassa masu siffa sosai don yin su daga sassa masu sauƙi.A yau ana amfani da waldar shigar da kayan aiki, wanda kawai ke ba da damar yin gyare-gyaren sassa masu kauri daga sassa daban-daban, a cewar Dion.Koyaya, Collins yana haɓaka dabarun waldawa da girgiza don haɗa sassan thermoplastic, wanda da zarar an tabbatar da shi yana tsammanin zai ba shi damar samar da “tsari mai rikitarwa na gaske,” in ji shi.

Ƙarfin walƙiya tare da kayan zafi na thermoplastic don yin hadaddun tsarin yana ba masana'antun damar kawar da sukurori na ƙarfe, masu ɗaure, da hinges da ake buƙata ta sassan thermoset don haɗawa da nadawa, don haka ƙirƙirar fa'idar rage nauyi na kusan kashi 10 cikin ɗari, Brown kimanta.

Duk da haka, abubuwan da ke tattare da thermoplastic sun fi dacewa da karafa fiye da na'urorin thermoset, a cewar Brown.Yayin da R&D masana'antu da nufin haɓaka aikace-aikace masu amfani don wannan kayan thermoplastic ya kasance "a matakin shirye-shiryen fasaha na farko," yana iya barin injiniyoyin sararin samaniya su tsara abubuwan da suka ƙunshi haɗaɗɗun ƙirar thermoplastic-da-karfe.

Wata yuwuwar aikace-aikace na iya, alal misali, zama yanki ɗaya, kujerar fasinja mai nauyi mai nauyi mai ƙunshe da duk na'urorin da ake buƙata na ƙarfe na ƙarfe da fasinja ke amfani da shi don zaɓar da sarrafa zaɓin nishaɗin jirginsa, walƙiya wurin zama, fandare sama. , Wurin zama mai sarrafawa ta hanyar lantarki, ƙarancin inuwar taga, da sauran ayyuka.

Ba kamar kayan thermoset ba, waɗanda ke buƙatar warkewa don samar da tauri, ƙarfi, da sifar da ake buƙata daga sassan da ake yin su, tsarin kwayoyin halitta na kayan haɗe-haɗe na thermoplastic ba sa canzawa idan aka sanya su cikin sassa, a cewar Dion.

Sakamakon haka, kayan thermoplastic sun fi jure karyewa akan tasiri fiye da kayan thermoset yayin da suke ba da irin wannan, idan ba ƙarfi ba, ƙarfi da ƙarfi."Don haka za ku iya tsara [ɓangarorin] zuwa ma'auni masu sirara da yawa," in ji Dion, ma'ana sassan thermoplastic suna da nauyi fiye da kowane ɓangaren thermoset ɗin da suke maye gurbinsu, ko da ƙarin rage nauyi da ke haifar da gaskiyar sassan thermoplastic ba sa buƙatar sukurori ko ɗamara. .

Sake sarrafa sassan thermoplastic kuma yakamata ya tabbatar da tsari mafi sauƙi fiye da sake amfani da sassan thermoset.A halin da ake ciki na fasaha (kuma na ɗan lokaci mai zuwa), sauye-sauyen da ba za a iya jurewa ba a tsarin kwayoyin halitta da aka samar ta hanyar warkar da kayan thermoset sun hana yin amfani da kayan da aka sake fa'ida don yin sabbin sassa na ƙarfin daidai.

Sake yin amfani da ɓangarorin thermoset ya haɗa da niƙa filayen carbon da ke cikin kayan zuwa ƙananan tsayi da kona cakuda fiber da guduro kafin a sake sarrafa shi.Kayan da aka samo don sake sarrafawa yana da rauni a tsari fiye da kayan thermoset wanda aka samu sashin da aka sake fa'ida daga gare shi, don haka sake yin amfani da sassan thermoset zuwa sababbi yawanci yana juya "tsari na biyu zuwa mataki na uku," in ji Brown.

A daya hannun, saboda tsarin kwayoyin halitta na thermoplastic sassa ba sa canzawa a cikin sassa-ƙira da tsarin haɗin gwiwa, ana iya narke su cikin sigar ruwa kawai kuma a sake sarrafa su cikin sassa masu ƙarfi kamar na asali, a cewar Dion.

Masu zanen jirgin sama na iya zaɓar daga zaɓi mai yawa na kayan aikin thermoplastic daban-daban waɗanda ke akwai don zaɓar daga cikin ƙirar ƙira da masana'anta."Kyakkyawan kewayon resins" yana samuwa a ciki wanda za'a iya shigar da filament na fiber carbon mai girma ɗaya ko saƙa mai girma biyu, yana samar da kayan abu daban-daban, in ji Dion."Mafi kyawun resins masu ban sha'awa su ne ƙananan resins mai narkewa," waɗanda ke narke a ƙananan yanayin zafi don haka za'a iya siffata kuma a samar da su a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Daban-daban na thermoplastics kuma suna ba da kaddarorin taurin daban-daban (masu girma, matsakaici, da ƙasa) da inganci gabaɗaya, a cewar Dion.Mafi girman ingancin resins sun fi tsada, kuma araha yana wakiltar diddigin Achilles don thermoplastics idan aka kwatanta da kayan thermoset.Yawanci, suna tsada fiye da thermosets, kuma dole ne masu kera jiragen sama suyi la'akari da gaskiyar a cikin ƙididdige ƙididdiga na ƙima / fa'ida, in ji Brown.

Wani bangare na wannan dalili, GKN Aerospace da sauransu za su ci gaba da mai da hankali kan kayan zafin jiki yayin kera manyan sassa na jirgin sama.Sun riga sun yi amfani da kayan thermoplastic ko'ina wajen yin ƙananan sassa na tsarin kamar su empennages, rudders, da ɓarna.Ba da daɗewa ba, duk da haka, lokacin da babban girma, ƙarancin farashi na sassa na thermoplastic masu nauyi ya zama na yau da kullun, masana'antun za su yi amfani da su sosai - musamman a cikin kasuwar eVTOL UAM mai tasowa, in ji Dion.

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